Lawrence King completed his Ph.D. in systematic theology at the Catholic University of America in 2016. His dissertation focused on the authoritative weight of non-definitive magisterial teachings. He lives in Los Angeles.
How should Catholics understand the contradiction between the nineteenth-century papal teachings on integralism and the twentieth-century teaching of the Second Vatican Council? We follow the solution of John Paul II and Benedict XVI: we take both sets of teachings at face value, admit that they contradict each other, and explain that the earlier teachings were merely doctrina catholica, which are not absolutely binding and are thus subject to future change.
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